Substance misuse is influenced by: A person’s development, experiences and health at the individual level Relationships at the family level The school, workplace, and neighbourhood environments, and peoples’ interactions within these, at the community level Culture, policy and socioeconomic factors at the societal level 4. Risk and protective factors can vary over the life course and be re [...] Substance misuse is influenced by: A person’s development, experiences and health at the individual level Relationships at the family level The school, workplace, and neighbourhood environments, and peoples’ interactions within these, at the community level Culture, policy and socioeconomic factors at the societal level The influence of these factors can vary over the life course and be re [...] The framework organizes the determinants of substance use into socioecological levels to map the risk and protective factors at the individual/peer, family, school and community levels. [...] The factors in the Conceptual Framework are not weighted because the evidence does not describe the magnitude of the effect of each factor. [...] The report “presents a comprehensive annual overview of the latest developments in the world’s illicit drug markets by focusing on the production of, trafficking in, and consumption of the main illicit drug types and their related health consequences.” (Executive Summary) To provide research and inform collective responses to the challenges posed by the production, trafficking, and use of illi