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Implementing reforms to the FNCFS Program for First Nations not affiliated to an FNCFS agency will require the integration of: • Provincial/territorial service delivery and funding with First Nations receiving services (protection and/or prevention); • Federal government funding (to the provinces/territories and to First Nations); and, • First Nations not affiliated to an FNCFS agency's delivery o. [...] In November 2021, at the request of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society (Caring Society), with the support of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), IFSD was contracted to undertake a child and family services (CFS) needs assessment regarding First Nations not affiliated to an FNCFS agency. [...] 4 In November 2021, at the request of the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society (Caring Society), with the support of the Assembly of First Nations (AFN), IFSD was contracted to undertake a CFS needs assessment regarding First Nations not affiliated to an FNCFS agency. [...] While resources are transferred from the federal government to provinces and territories for specific activities related to the delivery of FNCFS, there is no guarantee that the precise amount of funding is fully dedicated to the discharge of the obligation. [...] Even in British Columbia where there have been declared commitments to upholding the principles of the United Nations Declaration on Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), the province cannot align expenditures to Indigenous children in care or their well-being.12 Given the roles of provinces and territories in the provision of FNCFS, they should be reporting to First Nations not affiliated to an FNCFS agen.