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Adherence to the values expressed through academic integrity forms a foundaon for the "freedom of inquiry and exchange of ideas" essenal to the intellectual life of the University (see the Senate Report on Principles and Priories www.queensu.ca/secretariat/policies/senate/reporFt-principlTes-and-priories). [...] Given the seriousness of these maters, acons which contraveneA the regulaon on academic integrity carry sancons that can range from a warning or the loss of grades on an assignment or the failure of a course to the rescinding of a degree. [...] - What sort of income distribution does a society consider “fair” or “just”? How much intervention will society support to alter the distribution that comes from the “market” distribution of endowments? Should the focus be on taking from the well off to give to the poorer? Or concentrate on lifting the poorer? What are the costs of distribution policies? - What is the “right” division between publ. [...] In terms of the quality of the education system, the average student scored 517 in reading literacy, maths and science in the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). [...] The largest and most persistent increases in the Gini coefficient (a measure of inequality in the underlying distribution, in this instance of household market income across the population) occurred during the recessions in the 1980s and 1990s.