Migration Governance in North America engages the complex dynamics of mobilities across the continent. Situating North America within the global migration landscape, it unpacks such issues as temporary labour mobility, border security, asylum governance, refugee resettlement, and the role of local actors in coping with changing policies and politics.
Authors
- Published in
- Montreal, CA
Table of Contents
- Migration Governance in North America: Policy, Politics, and Community 1
- Cover 1
- Half Title Page 3
- Series Page 4
- Title Page 5
- Copyright 6
- Dedication 7
- Contents 9
- Figures and Tables 13
- Acknowledgments 15
- Abbreviations 17
- Continuity and Change in North American Migration Governance 25
- NORTH AMERICAN MOBILITIES IN CONTEXT 28
- THEORIZING “MIGRATION” AND “GOVERNANCE” IN NORTH AMERICA AS A “REGION” 35
- ORGANIZATION OF THE BOOK 37
- PART ONE: Politics and Governance of Migration in North America 45
- 1 Divergent Paths? A Comparison of Canadian, Mexican, and US Multilateral Approaches to Managing Migration 47
- THE CONTEXT: AN EMERGING, IF MUCH DELAYED, GLOBAL MIGRATION REGIME 47
- CANADA, MEXICO, AND THE US 51
- PERCEPTIONS AND RESPONSES IN NORTH AMERICA TO THE GCM 56
- CENTRAL AMERICA AND BROADER REGIONAL DYNAMICS OF MIGRATION 58
- CONCLUSION 62
- 2 “Organized Hypocrisy” and the Impacts of US Burden-Shifting on Mexican and Regional Migration Governance 74
- MEXICO’S CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION CHALLENGES 76
- MEXICAN INSTITUTIONAL ATTEMPTS TO MEET MIGRATION CHALLENGES 81
- BEYOND THE CRISIS: BILATERAL ORGANIZED HYPOCRISY 87
- CONCLUSION: A CYNICAL REGIME TAKING SHAPE? 91
- 3 Governance Breakdowns and Normative Deficits in Asylum “Coordination” in North America: The US-Canada Safe Third Country Agreeme 105
- THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES AND “TRANSNATIONAL” ASYLUM COORDINATION 107
- REGIONALIZING ASYLUM POLICY? THE US-CANADA SAFE THIRD COUNTRY AGREEMENT IN PRACTICE 110
- NORMALIZING ASYLUM COORDINATION OR UNDERMINING REFUGEE PROTECTION? 116
- THE STCA AND CURRENT STATE PRACTICE: AN EMERGING MODEL IN THE GLOBAL NORTH 120
- CONCLUSION 123
- 4 Transgovernmental Cooperation and the Transformation of US and Canadian Border Security 136
- INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND MOBILITY, SECURITY AND TRANSGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS 139
- THE CHALLENGES OF SECURITY ALONG THE US-CANADIAN BORDER AND THE EVOLUTION OF TRANSGOVERNMENTAL COOPERATION ON BORDER CONTROLS 142
- BEYOND THE BORDER 147
- CONCLUSIONS 153
- PART TWO: North American Migration Governance in Comparative Perspective 163
- 5 The Dynamics and Divergences of Executive Discretion in Refugee Resettlement 165
- DYNAMICS AND DIVERGENCES IN CANADA AND THE US 165
- LEGAL FRAMEWORKS 169
- DYNAMICS AND DIVERGENCES 176
- CONCLUSION 184
- 6 Trump, Biden, and the US Role in the International Refugee Regime 193
- NORMS, IDEOLOGY, AND THE REFUGEE REGIME 194
- US HEGEMONY AND BIPARTISAN TRENDS IN REFUGEE PROTECTION 196
- POLARIZED DISRUPTION: RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING AND NON-DISCRIMINATION 199
- INTENSIFIED CONTESTATION: NON-DETENTION, NON-PENALIZATION, AND NON-REFOULEMENT 203
- RECOMMITTING TO THE REFUGEE REGIME? 205
- CONCLUSION 209
- 7 The Changing Contours of Migration Governance in Canada 229
- MANAGED MIGRATION AND SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY 233
- MANAGED MIGRATION AND SELECTIVE PERMEABILITY IN CANADA: TOWARD THE “CANADIAN MODEL” 235
- TOWARD FRAGMENTATION: A NEW MODEL OF MIGRATION GOVERNANCE 240
- DIFFERENTIAL ACCESS: REGULATING ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES 244
- CONCLUSION 249
- 8 The Regulation of North American Climate Mobilities 258
- THE REGULATION OF CLIMATE MOBILITY IN NORTH AMERICA: QUESTIONING THE SECURITY-HUMANITARIAN PARADIGM 262
- ANALYZING CLIMATE MOBILITY THROUGH THE LENS OF RACIAL CAPITALISM AND THE PRISM OF STATE, MARKET, AND CITIZENSHIP 267
- THE AMBIGUOUS INTERNATIONAL ROLE OF CANADA IN THE ABSENCE OF REGIONALIZED CLIMATE MOBILITY REGULATION IN NORTH AMERICA 272
- A DISCRIMINATORY APPROACH TO CLIMATE MOBILITY WITHIN CANADA: THE CASE OF THE GOVERNMENT-DIVERTED FLOOD TO LAKE ST MARTIN FIRST N 275
- CONCLUSION 278
- PART THREE: Migration Norms, Values, and Narratives across Canada, Mexico, and the US 291
- 9 Waiting as Mobility Control: Coping Practices of African Migrants in Mexico 293
- MIGRATION TRENDS, POLICIES OF CONTAINMENT, AND FORCED IMMOBILITY 296
- STRANDEDNESS, UNCERTAINTY, AND COPING STRATEGIES 298
- METHODS 300
- MIGRATORY ROUTES, ENTRAPMENT PROCESSES, AND “WAITING TIMES” EXPERIENCED BY AFRICAN MIGRANTS STRANDED IN TIJUANA 303
- MAKING MEANING: RELIGION, POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT, AND FACING THE FUTURE THROUGH PARALLEL PROJECTS 306
- CONCLUSION 309
- 10 Unruly Political Uprisings: Migrant Justice Activism in Canada and the United States 317
- THE PROLIFERATION OF BORDERS IN NORTH AMERICA 319
- THE INTENSIFICATION OF BORDERS AND CRISIS OF SOCIAL REPRODUCTION UNDER THE COVID-19 CRISIS 321
- RESPONDING TO THE MULTIPLICATION OF BORDERS: MULTIPLICATION OF PRECARITIES PROLIFERATION OF STRUGGLES 323
- MIGRANT JUSTICE ACTIVISM IN CANADA AND THE US: DIFFERENCES, REPERTOIRES, OUTCOMES 327
- FINAL REFLECTIONS 332
- 11 Prejudicial Populists? Evidence from Canada 342
- REFUGEE RESETTLEMENT IN CANADA: A BRIEF HISTORY 344
- POPULISM AND PREJUDICE? 346
- DATA AND METHODS 349
- RESULTS 353
- CONCLUSIONS 356
- PART FOUR: Global Dimensions of Migration in North America 367
- 12 Extraction, Dependence, Containment: Questioning Canada’s Role as Immigration and Refugee Norm Entrepreneur 369
- CANADA’S EXTRACTIVE AND DEPENDENT RELATIONSHIP WITH LATIN AMERICA 370
- MIGRATION GOVERNANCE, RESPONSIBILITY-SHARING, AND CANADA’S GLOBAL STATUS-SEEKING 375
- CANADA’S RESPONSE TO HEMISPHERIC DISPLACEMENT 378
- ASYLUM CLAIMS AS AN INDICATOR OF NEED? 383
- EXPLAINING CANADA’S STATUS-SEEKING GLOBALLY, AND INTEREST-SEEKING REGIONALLY 388
- CONCLUSIONS AND REFLECTIONS 391
- 13 Development Aid as Migration Control: Comparing Migration Management Aid in Central America and Africa 403
- DEVELOPMENT AID AND THE ROOT CAUSES OF MIGRATION 404
- BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT 407
- EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE 417
- CASE STUDY 1: YOUTH WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT IN EL SALVADOR 417
- CASE STUDY 2: AID FOR ETHIOPIAN DROUGHT-INDUCED FOOD INSECURITY 418
- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 424
- 14 Smart Borders and the Diffusion of Travellers’ Screening Programs in North America and Europe 435
- ACCOUNTING FOR THE TRANSATLANTIC POLICY CONVERGENCE OVER SMART BORDERS: AN ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 438
- PRACTICAL LEARNING AND POLICY DIFFUSION ACROSS THE ATLANTIC: THE CASE OF TRAVELLERS’ SCREENING PROGRAMS 441
- CONCLUSION: FROM TRANSATLANTIC TO GLOBAL SMART BORDERS 446
- 15 Repertoires of Migration Governance in Europe and North America 455
- REGIONAL GOVERNANCE 457
- EUROPEAN REGIONALISM 460
- NORTH AMERICAN REGIONALISM 467
- CONCLUSION 472
- AFTERWORD: Human Mobility Needs Strategic Planning: Moving Beyond Populist and Exploitative Immigration Policies 476
- Contributors 485
- Index 491
