The purpose of the report is to document the status of Aboriginal peoples with respect to their well-being. [...] When looking at multiple labour force status categories, the proportion of Aboriginal adults is higher than that of non-Aboriginal adults in all categories, with the exception of Aboriginal women in the “unemployed part-year, not in the labour force part-year” category. [...] With the exception of the “university” category, the proportion of Aboriginal adults enrolled in all other types of post-secondary education is higher than those of non- Aboriginal adults. [...] a) Core housing need The Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation uses the concept of “core housing need” which comprises the following elements: • the physical condition of the dwelling, which determines the adequacy of shelter (e.g., whether housing is in need of major repairs); • the size or potential crowding situation in the dwelling (e.g., whether the housing has sufficient bedrooms for the s. [...] Note: a) Timing of parole in the sentence refers to the percentage of the sentence served at the time of the first day parole or full parole.
Authors
- Pages
- 78
- Published in
- Canada
Table of Contents
- MESSAGE FROM THE ACTING CHIEF COMMISSIONER 4
- BACKGROUND 5
- INTRODUCTION 5
- METHODOLOGY 5
- Data sources 5
- Method of analysis 8
- Limitations of the data 8
- Table 1.1: Distribution of Aboriginal adults by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 9
- Table 1.2: Distribution of Aboriginal adults who report multiple identities5 by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 9
- Table 1.3: Distribution of First Nations adults by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 10
- Table 1.4: Distribution of Métis adults by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 10
- Table 1.5: Distribution of Inuit adults by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 11
- CHAPTER 2: ECONOMIC WELL-BEING 12
- Chart 2.1: Median household after-tax income10 by age groups, sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 13
- Table 2.1: Median household after-tax income for adult men by quintile,11 Aboriginal status and age groups – reference year 2009 14
- Table 2.2: Median household after-tax income for adult women by quintile, Aboriginal status and age groups – reference year 2009 15
- Table 2.3: Median household after-tax income for Aboriginal adults by quintile, sex and age groups – reference year 2009 16
- Table 2.4: Proportionate share of the total household after-tax income of adult men by quintile, Aboriginal status and age groups – reference year 2009 17
- Table 2.5: Proportionate share of the total household after-tax income of adult women by quintile, Aboriginal status and age groups – reference year 2009 17
- a) Low-income status 18
- Table 2.6: Proportion of adult men in low-income status by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 18
- Table 2.7: Proportion of adult women in low-income status by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 18
- b) Low-income gap ratio14 19
- Chart 2.2: Average low-income gap ratios of adults by sex, age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 19
- c) Persistent low-income status 20
- Table 2.8: Proportion of adults aged 15+ in persistent low-income status by sex and Aboriginal status – reference years 2006-2009 20
- d) Government transfers as major source of income 21
- Table 2.9: Proportion of adult men who receive government transfers as their major source of income16 by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 21
- Table 2.10: Proportion of adult women who receive government transfers as their major source of income by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 21
- CHAPTER 3: EMPLOYMENT 22
- a) Single or multiple19 status in the labour force 23
- Table 3.1: Labour force status of adults aged 15+ by labour force status, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 23
- b) Number of jobs held 24
- Table 3.2: Proportion of adult men aged 15+ by number of jobs held and Aboriginal Status – reference year 2009 24
- Table 3.3: Proportion of adult women aged 15+ by number of jobs held and Aboriginal Status – reference year 2009 24
- c) Reasons for having difficulty finding work 25
- Table 3.4: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who report not having enough education or training for available jobs by age groups and sex – reference year 2005 25
- Table 3.5 Proportion of Aboriginal adults who report difficulty finding work due to lack of experience required for available jobs by age groups and sex – reference year 2005 25
- d) Type of employment 26
- Table 3.6: Proportion of adults aged 15+ holding permanent employment by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 26
- Table 3.7: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ holding non-permanent employment by sex and type of employment – reference year 2009 27
- Table 3.8: Proportion of non-Aboriginal adults aged 15+ holding non-permanent employment by sex and type of employment – reference year 2009 27
- Table 3.9: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who work part-time but want to work full- time by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 28
- e) Chronic unemployment 29
- Table 3.10: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who are chronically unemployed by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 29
- 3.11 : Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report holding a job related to their specialization by sex and degree of “relatedness” – reference year 2009 30
- 3.12 : Proportion of non-Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report holding a job related to their specialization by sex and degree of “relatedness” – reference year 2009 30
- a) Employer-sponsored pension plans 31
- 3.13 : Proportion of adults aged 15+ who are covered by an employer-sponsored pension plan by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 31
- b) Employer-sponsored life/disability insurance 32
- 3.14 : Proportion of adults aged 15+ who have access to employer-sponsored life/disability insurance by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 32
- a) Employment Insurance benefits 33
- Table 3.15: Proportion of adult men who have received Employment Insurance benefits by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 33
- Table 3.16: Proportion of adult women who have received Employment Insurance benefits by age groups and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 33
- b) Social assistance 34
- Table 3.17: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who have received social assistance by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 34
- c) Federal and provincial government transfers 34
- Table 3.18: Average federal and provincial government transfers24 by age groups, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 34
- CHAPTER 4: EDUCATION 35
- a) Enrolment in high school 36
- Table 4.1: Proportion of adults aged 15+ enrolled in high school by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 36
- b) Enrolment in post-secondary education 36
- Table 4.2: Proportion of adults aged 15+ enrolled in post-secondary education by type of post-secondary education and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 36
- c) Access to education that is culturally relevant to Aboriginal Adults 37
- Table 4.3: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report having access to education relevant to their culture, by type of educational services and sex – reference year 2006 37
- a) Graduation from high school 38
- Table 4.4: Proportion of adults aged 25 to 64 who graduate from high school as their highest educational attainment by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 38
- b) Level of post-secondary education attained 39
- Table 4.5: Proportion of adults aged 25 to 64 who have attained some post- secondary education as their highest educational attainment by type of post- secondary education, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 39
- Table 4.6: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report experiencing discrimination while attending school or classes in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 40
- CHAPTER 5: HOUSING 41
- a) Core housing need 41
- Table 5.1: Proportion of households30 in core housing need by Aboriginal status – reference year 2006 42
- b) Housing in need of major repair 42
- Table 5.2: Proportion of adults who live in households that need major repairs by age groups, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2006 42
- c) Expenditure of more than 50% of before-tax income on housing 43
- Table 5.3: Proportion of adults who spend more than 50% of before-tax income on housing31 by age groups, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2006 43
- a) Aboriginal adults who live in subsidized housing 44
- Table 5.4: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who live in subsidized housing by sex – reference year 2006 44
- b) Aboriginal adults who are on a waiting list for subsidized housing 44
- Table 5.5: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who are on a waiting list for subsidized housing by sex – reference year 2006 44
- Table 5.6: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report discrimination in accessing housing in the last 5 years by Aboriginal Status – reference Year 2009 45
- CHAPTER 6: HEALTH 46
- a) Availability of health care 47
- Table 6.1: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who felt that they needed health care in the past 12 months, but did not receive it, by age groups and sex – reference year 2006 47
- b) Necessary health care not available in area 47
- Table 6.2: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who report that they did not get necessary health care in the past 12 months because it was not available in their area by sex – reference year 2006 47
- a) Obesity 49
- Table 6.3: Proportion of adult aged 15+ who are obese by BMI category, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2010 49
- b) Prevalence of cancer35 50
- Table 6.4: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report having cancer by sex – reference year 2006 50
- c) Prevalence of hepatitis36 50
- Table 6.5: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report having hepatitis by sex – reference year 2006 50
- d) Prevalence of HIV 51
- Table 6.6: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report having HIV by sex – reference year 2006 51
- Self-reported rating of one’s own state of mental health 52
- Table 6.7: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report on their mental health by mental health status, and Aboriginal status – reference year 2010 52
- Table 6.8: Adults aged 15+ who report discrimination when dealing with public hospital or health care workers in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 53
- CHAPTER 7: JUSTICE AND SAFETY 54
- Indicator One: Contact with the justice system39 54
- a) Representation of offenders incarcerated 55
- Table 7.1: Proportion of offenders incarcerated40 by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2011 55
- b) Parole 55
- Table 7.2: Parole decisions by type of release and Aboriginal status – reference year 2011 55
- c) Percentage of sentence served at time of parole 56
- Table 7.3: Percentage of sentence served at time of parole by type of supervision and Aboriginal status – reference year 2011 56
- Indicator Two: Domestic violence 57
- a) Emotional and/or financial abuse by a spouse/partner 57
- Table 7.4: Proportion of adults who report experiencing emotional or financial abuse by a spouse/partner during their lifetime by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 57
- b) Physical and/or sexual violence by a spouse/partner 57
- Table 7.5: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report experiencing physical and/or sexual violence by a spouse/partner in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 57
- Indicator Three: Hate crimes 58
- Table 7.6: Proportion of hate crimes41 reported by victimized adults aged 15+ by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 58
- Indicator Four: Violent crimes 58
- a) Assaults 58
- Table 7.7: Proportion of assaults42 reported by victimized adults aged 15+ by sex and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 58
- b) Most serious victimization 59
- Table 7.8: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report being a victim by type of most serious victimization and Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 59
- Indicator Five: Vulnerability to crime 60
- a) Perceived vulnerability to crime when walking alone in 60
- one’s area after dark 60
- Table 7.9: Proportion of adults who report feeling unsafe49when walking alone after dark in their area by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 60
- b) Perceived vulnerability to crime while waiting for or using public transportation alone after dark 61
- Table 7.10: Proportion of adults who report feeling worried50 while waiting for or using public transportation alone after dark by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 61
- c) Perceived vulnerability to crime when alone at home in the evening or at night 61
- Table 7.11: Proportion of adults who report feeling worried51 when alone at home in the evening or at night by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 61
- Table 7.12: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report on their degree of confidence in the police by level of confidence, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 62
- Table 7.13: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who came into contact with the police for a traffic violation by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 63
- Table 7.14: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who came into contact with the police as victim of crime by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 63
- Table 7.15: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who came into contact with the police when being arrested by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 64
- Table 7.16: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report being discriminated against when dealing with the police or in courts in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 65
- CHAPTER 8: POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT AND SOCIAL INCLUSION 66
- a) Municipal/local election 67
- Table 8.1: Proportion of adults aged 18+ who voted in the last municipal/local election by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 67
- b) Provincial election 67
- Table 8.2: Proportion of adults aged 18+ who voted in the last provincial election by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 67
- c) Federal election 68
- Table 8.3: Proportion of adults aged 18+ who voted in the last federal election by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 68
- a) Sense of belonging to one’s local community 69
- Table 8.4: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report their sense of belonging to their local community by degree, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 69
- b) Volunteerism 70
- Table 8.5: Proportion of adults who did volunteer work for an organization in the last 12 months by age groups, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 70
- c) Participation in civic groups 70
- Table 8.6: Proportion of adults who participated in at least one civic group53 in the last 12 months by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 70
- Table 8.7: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who participated in civic group(s) in the last 12 months by type of civic engagement, Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2008 71
- d) Use of technology (computer and Internet) 72
- Table 8.8: Proportion of Aboriginal adults who used the Internet in the last 12 months by age group and sex – reference year 2006 72
- Table 8.9: Proportion of Aboriginal adults aged 15+ who report on the barriers preventing them from using Internet by barrier – reference year 2006 72
- Indicator Three: Access to services in respondents’ language 73
- Table 8.10: Proportion of Aboriginal women who report having access to services in their language in their city, town or village by type of service and age groups – reference year 2006 73
- Table 8.11: Proportion of Aboriginal men who report having access to services in their language in their city, town or village by type of service and age groups – reference year 2006 74
- Table 8.12: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report discrimination in at least one service or leisure55 in the last 5 years, by Aboriginal status and sex – reference year 2009 75
- Table 8.13: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report discrimination on a bus, train, airplane, subway, light rapid transit, ferry, etc. in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 76
- Table 8.14: Proportion of adults aged 15+ who report discrimination when crossing the border to Canada in the last 5 years by Aboriginal status – reference year 2009 76
- Bibliography 77