The Politics of Refugee Policy in the Global South

Table of Contents

• The Politics of Refugee Policy in the Global South 1
• Cover 1
• Half Title Page 3
• Series Page 4
• Title Page 5
• Copyright 6
• Dedication 7
• Contents 9
• Tables and Figures 11
• Keywords, Definitions, and Abbreviations 13
• Acknowledgments 17
• 1 Rising Forced Displacement in the Global South: A Complex Policy Problem 21
• KEY QUESTIONS 25
• KEY ARGUMENT 26
• WHY SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT IN LEBANON AND JORDAN 29
• WHY DO WE NEED THIS BOOK? 35
• A GUIDE TO METHODS AND RESEARCH DESIGN 38
• PROBLEMATIZING KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS 42
• ROAD MAP OF CONTENTS 45
• 2 A Complexity Approach to Analyzing Variation in Refugee Policy in the Global South 48
• INTRODUCTION 48
• POLICY RESPONSES TO MASS DISPLACEMENT: BETWEEN NORM AND PRACTICE 51
• POLICY ON ENTRY AND STAY 53
• POLICY ON LIVELIHOODS 55
• Type of Settlement Allowed 55
• Service Provision and Freedom of Movement 56
• Access to the Labour Market 56
• Policy on Durable Solutions 58
• DRIVERS OF HOST POLICY RESPONSES TO MASS DISPLACEMENT 61
• Drivers in the International Arena 61
• Drivers in the Host Arena 66
• Drivers in the Displacement Arena 69
• FRAMEWORK OF ANALYSIS: A COMPLEX SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ANALYZING REFUGEE POLICY-MAKING 72
• Refugee-Policy Outputs 73
• Refugee-Policy Inputs 74
• The Refugee Policy-Making Process 77
• From Key Questions to Hypothetical Propositions 79
• CONCLUSION 82
• 3 Syria’s Civil War and Ensuing Humanitarian Disaster: Eleven Years On 85
• INTRODUCTION 85
• SYRIA’S “SPRING” (2011) 87
• FROM PRO-DEMOCRACY REVOLUTION TO CIVIL WAR 89
• SYRIA’S REGIONAL PROXY WAR 90
• Geopolitical Complications in the Levant and the Middle East 91
• International Involvement 93
• MULTILATERAL AND INTERNATIONAL PEACE EFFORTS 95
• Role of the Arab League 96
• SYRIA’S HUMANITARIAN DISASTER 97
• Syrian Refugee Movement Features 97
• Syrian Refugees as a Regional Policy Challenge 98
• A DISPLACEMENT WITH GLOBAL IMPLICATIONS 99
• A DECADE OF CONFLICT AND THE QUESTION OF REFUGEE RETURN 101
• Statistics on Return 102
• Challenges of Return 102
• CONCLUSION 106
• 4 From Home to Hosts: Jordan’s and Lebanon’s Refugee Policy-Making Contexts 108
• INTRODUCTION 108
• OVERVIEW OF JORDAN’S REFUGEE POLICY-MAKING CONTEXT 109
• Jordan: A Refuge Destination 112
• Normative Framework Governing Refugees: Between Law and Local Norms 112
• OVERVIEW OF LEBANON’S REFUGEE POLICY-MAKING CONTEXT 113
• Lebanon as a Refugee-Sending and -Receiving Country 117
• Legal Framework Governing Refugees in Lebanon 117
• Synopsis of Lebanese-Syrian Relations 118
• CONCLUSION 120
• 5 Syrian Refugee Displacement in Jordan: A Descriptive Narrative 121
• INTRODUCTION 121
• SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT AND JORDAN’S POLICY RESPONSE EVOLUTION: A TIMELINE OF EVENTS 121
• CONCLUSION 131
• 6 Unpacking Jordan’s Policy Response to Syrian Displacement: “If We Can’t Win, Then We at Least Shouldn’t Lose” 133
• INTRODUCTION 133
• ANALYTICAL BREAKDOWN OF JORDAN’S POLICY RESPONSE TO SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT 133
• Policy on Entry and Stay 134
• Policy on Livelihoods 136
• Policy on Durable Solutions 143
• PHASES OF POLICY EVOLUTION 144
• Displacement Start: Humanitarian Emergency Phase and Policy of Laissez-Faire 145
• Displacement Peak: Consolidation Phase and Policy of Containment 146
• Displacement Protraction: Development and Resilience Phase 146
• DRIVERS OF JORDAN’S POLICY RESPONSE TO SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT: BETWEEN HUMANITARIANISM AND REALISM 148
• Displacement Start (2011–13) 149
• Displacement Peak (2014–15) 152
• Displacement Protraction (2016–22) 154
• CONCLUSION 158
• 7 Syrian Refugee Displacement in Lebanon: A Descriptive Narrative 160
• INTRODUCTION 160
• SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT AND LEBANON’S POLICY RESPONSE EVOLUTION: A TIMELINE OF EVENTS 160
• CONCLUSION 169
• 8 Unpacking Lebanon’s Policy Response to Syrian Displacement: “Policy of No Policy” 170
• INTRODUCTION 170
• ANALYTICAL BREAKDOWN OF LEBANON’S POLICY RESPONSE TO SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT 171
• Policy on Entry and Stay 171
• Policy on Livelihoods 174
• Policy on Durable Solutions 180
• PHASES OF POLICY EVOLUTION 181
• Displacement Start: State Disengagement and Policy of Laissez-Faire 181
• Displacement Peak and Protraction: Influx Regulation and Policy of Containment 182
• DRIVERS OF LEBANON’S POLICY RESPONSE TO SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT: BETWEEN FRAGMENTATION AND PARALYSIS 185
• Displacement Start Phase (2011–14) 185
• Displacement Peak and Protraction (2015–22) 187
• CONCLUSION 192
• 9 One Displacement, Two Responses: Comparative Analysis and Discussion 194
• INTRODUCTION 194
• CONVERGENCE AND DIVERGENCE IN JORDAN’S AND LEBANON’S POLICY RESPONSES TO SYRIAN DISPLACEMENT 195
• Policies on Entry and Stay, Livelihoods, and Durable Solutions 195
• Policy Formulation and Implementation Processes 199
• Changes in Focus 200
• Degree of Response Restrictiveness 201
• CASE SYNOPSIS, SIGNIFICANCE, AND LIMITATIONS 204
• Scope and Limitations 206
• CONCLUSION 208
• 10 Similar but Different: Understanding Refugee-Policy Variation in the Global South 209
• INTRODUCTION 209
• IMPLICATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF REFUGEE POLICY IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 210
• Influence of International Regime 211
• Influence of Domestic Considerations 214
• Influence of Displacement Features 217
• THE POLITICS OF VARIATION IN REFUGEE POLICY ACROSS SPACE AND TIME 218
• A Typology of Variation in Host Government Behaviour 220
• CONTRIBUTIONS AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH 222
• IMPLICATIONS FOR EFFECTIVE REFUGEE GOVERNANCE IN THE GLOBAL SOUTH 225
• CONCLUSION 232
• Notes 235
• References 249
• Index 303