And while, like these other students of universal history, he was much concerned with the way the universe was regarded by physicists, he was interested in the modern, post-Einstein phys- ics of relativity and rejected the mechanical, Newtonian physics Innis and the Interpretation of History / 5 of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. [...] Lawrence is the one great river system that leads from the Atlantic seaboard to the heart of the Innis and the Interpretation of History / 7 continent of North America,'4 a statement that, in the language of Innis, suggests a fundamental bias of space. [...] Because of the struggle for responsible government within the colonies, and the triumph of the free trade movement in Britain, the larger mercantile structure collapsed by the 18505; but out of its wreckage emerged the expanded empire of the St Lawrence known as the Dominion of Canada.19 Of critical importance to any understanding of Creighton is the fact that this new empire very closely resemble [...] Thus he assailed the laissez-faire doctrines of Adam Smith and other classical econo- mists that relaxed the tariff structure of the old empire,21 even as he assailed the legal doctrine of the justices of the Privy Council who loosened the language of the written Canadian constitution to very nearly the same effect.22 Thus Creighton wrote as much from within a tradition as did Martin, for as the l [...] In the introduction to Empire and Communications Innis remarked that 'the subject of communication offers possibilities in that it occupies a crucial position in the organization and administration of government and in turn of empires and of Western civilization.' He further remarked that he had been led 'to give particular attention to this subject' by his studies of the river systems of North Am