For example, reducing affordable infill housing development impediments and costs can increase the number of housing units provided per dollar of subsidy, and urban-fringe housing can be appropriate and affordable to some households (those that can drive and are relatively self-sufficient, and so require little access to urban jobs and services). [...] Many households are in between: their housing and transport decisions are influenced by policy and planning decisions such as the type and pricing of housing and travel options available. [...] It describes ways to define and measure affordability, examines factors that affect housing and transport costs, identifies the benefits and costs of more affordable infill, evaluates ways to encourage affordable-accessible housing, examines barriers to their implementation, and describes some successful affordable-accessible housing encouragement programs. [...] 9 Affordable-Accessible Housing In A Dynamic City Victoria Transport Policy Institute Defining and Measuring Affordable-Accessible Housing This section discusses ways to define and measure affordability and accessibility, and factors that affect them. [...] Various tools can be used to evaluate the total costs of various housing options, including the Housing and Transportation Affordability Index ( ), which accounts for both housing and transport costs, the L-Cycle (www.housingpolicy.org/lcycle) rental housing lifecycle costing tool, and the Envision Tomorrow Prototype Model (www.envisiontomorrow.org/enhanced-roi).
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