Rising Seas and Shifting Sands: Combining Natural and Grey Infrastructure to Protect Canada’s Easter

Chapter 1 (this chapter) introduces coastal hazards and vulnerabilities along Canada’s East and West coastlines and the impacts of climate change, Chapter 2 provides an overview of international approaches to coastal risk management, Chapter 3 describes measures used in Canada to reduce flooding and erosion in coastal communities, and Chapter 4 discusses practical steps that are required for Canad. [...] This includes the coastline of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, the southern coast of Nova Scotia and the upper Bay of Fundy.21 Along the Quebec coastline and eastern coast of Rising Seas and Shifting Sands: Combining Natural and Grey Infrastructure to Protect Canada’s Coastal Communities 15 Chapter 1: Coastal Hazards in a Changing Climate Newfoundland and Labrador, relative sea-level rise is. [...] Rising Seas and Shifting Sands: Combining Natural and Grey Infrastructure to Protect Canada’s Coastal Communities 20 Chapter 2 Coastal Risk Management Around the World Erosion on a coastal path, St Andrews, New Brunswick Rising Seas and Shifting Sands: Combining Natural and Grey Infrastructure to Protect Canada’s Coastal Communities 21 Chapter 2: International Coastal Adaptation Responses and Tren. [...] The 2008 recommendations, entitled “Working together with water,” resulted in the Delta Act, the associated Delta Programme and Delta Fund, to protect the country against flooding (both riverine and coastal) and make it climate-proof.43 At the core of coastal protection under the Delta Programme is the concept of working with natural sediment processes. [...] Rising Seas and Shifting Sands: Combining Natural and Grey Infrastructure to Protect Canada’s Coastal Communities 31 Chapter 3: Description of Coastal Protection Measures, Advantages and Disadvantages The 2021 “International Guidelines on Natural and Nature-Based Features for Flood Risk Management” affirm that nature-based solutions can contribute to protection against coastal flooding and erosion.