Primary and secondary school programs try to support the development of students’ science literacy throughout their compulsory education, and they attempt to nurture the interest of students planning to pursue the study of science and technology beyond high school. [...] The questionnaire items for this index are presented according to decreasing frequency of the use of each technique in the science classroom. [...] The index of enquiry-based teaching combines the answers to the nine questions in PISA 2015 in order to determine how often students report that they are exposed to this kind of practice (Figure 3). [...] The indices of enquiry-based instruction, when analyzed by language of the school system, in the seven provinces where the sample permitted this type of analysis, differ statistically in New Brunswick and Manitoba and at the pan- Canadian level (Table 2). [...] In terms of attitudes, the analysis is limited to interest in science, which, in PISA 2015, consists of two indicators: interest in broad science topics and enjoyment of science.
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