4 - Agriculture and Grasslands - 4.1 Opportunities for Enhancing Sequestration and Reducing Emissions in Agricultural and

2 Council of Canadian Academies | 81 Definition of NBCS Mechanism Nitrogen Management Promising practices for reducing Application of 4R practices can reduce the amount the amount of nitrogen are of nitrogen available in the soil for loss through known as the 4Rs: limit the (de)nitrification or leaching and volatilization, rate (Right Rate) of nitrogen immediately reducing GHG emissions. [...] of tree selected for planting, the density of tree planting, and the variety of cash crop (in the case of Shelterbelts are rows of annual alley cropping) (Baah-Acheamfour et al., 2015; Drever or perennial trees and shrubs et al., 2021). [...] Silvopasture involves the integration of trees with pasturelands, simultaneously managed for livestock grazing, forage, and tree crops (Drever et al., 2021).20 20 For the purposes of this report, the Panel chose to focus on the expansion of silvopasture through the planting of trees in existing pastures. [...] This variation reflects the level of adoption and its relationship to number of animals per unit — the more rotational grazing, the higher the number of animals on each hectare of land and therefore the higher the profit (Burton et al., 2021). [...] Every decision about agricultural NBCSs is made in relation to a variety of external influences, such as the age, experience, and expertise of a farmer; the farmer’s attitudinal orientation toward environmental considerations and risk tolerance/aversion; and characteristics of the farm itself, including size, tenure, and vulnerability of the land (Groupe AGÉCO et al., 2020).