Canada’s Patent Productivity Paradox: Recent Trends and Implications for Future

The independent variables are the natural logarithm of the stock of R&D as a share of GDP, the natural logarithm of the country’s patent stock per capita, and a dummy variable for Canada interacted with the patent variable. [...] The indepen- tionship between changes in patenting and dent variables are the natural logarithm of changes in the output measures, but a sig- R&D as a share of GDP, the natural loga- nificantly smaller relationship for Canada rithm of the country’s patents per capita, than for other countries in the sample, and and a dummy variable for Canada inter- the estimated relationship between patent- acted. [...] The independent variables are the natural logarithm of the stock of R&D as a share of GDP, the natural logarithm of the country’s patent stock per capita, and a dummy variable for Canada interacted with the patent variable. [...] The independent variables are the natural logarithm of the stock of R&D as a share of GDP, the natural logarithm of the stock of the country’s USPTO patents per capita, a dummy variable for Canada interacted with the patent variable, the percentage of patent stock that is in the “computers and communications” technological field, the share of natural resources rents as a share of GDP, the mean sto. [...] The independent variables are the natural logarithm of the stock of R&D as a share of GDP, the natural logarithm of USPTO patent stock with inventors located in the country, a dummy variable for Canada interacted with the patent variable, the percentage of the stock of patents assigned to foreign assignees, the natural logarithm of the stock of the number of immigrant and emigrant invented patents.