Headquartered in Waterloo, Canada, approaches that seek to increase understanding of CIGI has received support from the Government of the socio-economic and technological impacts of Canada, the Government of Ontario and founder Jim digitalization and improve the quality and relevance Balsillie. [...] • Lastly, the ownership of the copyright should be granted to all human and non- human actors to ensure everyone is compensated fairly and that the development of AI technology continues in a manner that is just and equitable. [...] In the United States and Canada, there are three fundamental criteria for granting copyright protection: “originality,” “work of authorship” and “fixed in a tangible form.”4 For a work to be original, it must be created independently by the author without the contribution of others and should be the creativity of the author without copying it from someone else’s work (ibid.). [...] Although this requirement is not formally enshrined in the Copyright Act of Canada or the Copyright Law of the United States, the courts have refused to grant protection to works generated by non-human actors.6 Therefore, AI cannot be considered an author for copyright purposes despite being the most important player in the voice cloning process. [...] One is the voice cloning software’s programmer, another is the user who trains the model and produces the final output, and the last is the artist whose voice is cloned using the audio recordings to train the model.
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