Canadian Refining Industry

Crude oil is the second largest type of energy consumed in the country, and refineries are the key step in turning the raw commodity into high-value final products. [...] Western Canada - Kickstarted by the discovery of oil Oil Crisis - As a result of the 1973 oil crisis, there was a from the Leduc #1 well, major oil companies invested push to improve vehicle efficiencies and switch from oil to in Canadian refining and marketing, significantly 1950s 1970s natural gas and electricity. [...] 7 The Refining Process Turns Crude Oil Into High-Value End Products • Various grades of crude oil are Conversion further refines and upgrades the utilized in the refining process to Distillation uses heat to separate oil Hydrotreating improves the into different fractions based on their distilled products into higher-value products quality of the final products to yield a diverse mix of refined bo. [...] Enbridge Line 9A ▪ 2012-2015: When crude oil from Canada and the United States North Westover Station became abundant following the growth of the oil sands and shale Sarnia Terminal plays, the flow was reversed again. [...] Ontario (4%)1, and Quebec (3%).1 ▪ For the retail fuel charge, by 2030, the • The GGPPA and CFR are ▪ The Parliamentary Budget Officer carbon tax fuel charge will reach 37 designed to ramp up in expects the CFR to increase the cost of cents per litre for gasoline and 45 cents gasoline by up to 17 cents per litre and stringency over time for per litre for diesel.