The Canadian Incidence Studies completed in 20036 and 2008,7 and subsequent discussions between the principal researcher and the Ministry of Human Services in the spring of 2012, brought the issue to the attention of the Ministry of Human Services. [...] The Advocate may investigate systemic issues arising from a serious injury to or the death of a child who was receiving a designated service at the time of the injury or death if, in the opinion of the Advocate, the investigation is warranted or in the public interest. [...] OFFICE OF THE CHILD AND YOUTH ADVOCATE HISTORY OF INVOLVEMENT WITH CHILD INTERVENTION SERVICES To understand the environment and circumstances of Bonita’s injury, it is necessary to examine the Child Intervention Services provided to her family. [...] OFFICE OF THE CHILD AND YOUTH ADVOCATE DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Two systemic issues were explored through the Investigative Review and discussed below: 1. The impact of poverty and parents’ ability to meet the basic needs of their children 2. Parental addictions, co-dependency and the impact on children. [...] The Canadian Incidence Studies completed in 200341 and 2008,42 and subsequent discussions between the principal researcher and the Ministry of Human Services in the spring of 2012, brought the issue to the attention of the Ministry of Human Services.