One author describes land management as the process of both decision-making and implementing the decisions about land.2 Land management systems are the means by which policies related to the management and control of land tenure systems are implemented. [...] Following a recent report prepared for the Lands Branch, land management is used in this report to refer to the economic, social and environmental uses of land, including land and environmental planning and stewardship.3 Land administration is the means by which land and resource management is implemented or facilitated.4 Activities include surveying and mapping of land parcels, land conveyance, t [...] The goal of the evaluation is to study the performance of the land management system as a whole, including the extent to which First Nations have access to land. [...] The evaluation examines certain activities under the Treasury Board authority Contributions to Indian Bands for Land and Estates Management for the period covering 2005/2006 to 2009/2010.7 The key objective of this transfer payment authority is to increase First Nations control over their land and resources pursuant to the Indian Act under land management capacity-building programs. [...] The goal of this evaluation is to study the performance of the land management system as a whole, including the impact of individual program components on each other and the long-term objective of the Contribution Authority.