In Edmonton, a good food box initiative has served as the focal point for addressing local food security at the city level, while in Vancouver, local food organizations have mobilized around the creation of a local food hub to establish the infrastructure required for transformation of the food system. [...] There’s a real lack of a distribution system within Edmonton, and this is 9 seen as the way to build the connection between the farmers and the consumers that want to buy the product, an alternative distribution system to Safeway and such. [...] Perceived costs of local food The customer base for the GFB are committed to local food and recognize the additional costs and limited choices initially are a price to be paid to invest in long term resiliency. [...] Those that shop at the farmers market can afford to pay the costs in terms of price and time to access local food, however, the bulk of the charity food system relies on overly processed and food waste from large-scale grocery stores, where the focus is securing the largest quantity of food at the lowest possible price. [...] Vancouver Local Food Hub / New City Market In 2005, the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority released the Vancouver Food System Assessment (2005) that set out to assess food security in Vancouver by examining the availability, accessibility and acceptability of food provided by charitable, community and retail sectors and to suggest local policies that would make the food system more sustainable.