International cooperation is also necessary to allocate the At the beginning of the 1990s, Canada strongly mitigation burden among states and define how supported the idea of an international treaty on each state will participate in the collective effort, climate change.8 In 1997, during the Kyoto Protocol and to enable developing countries to benefit from negotiations, it committed to an ambitiou [...] In the Toronto Conference for the elaboration of an this document, Canada expressed its commitment international instrument on climate change.22 to the goal mentioned in the Ministerial Declaration, Thus, at the end of the 1980s, Canada was a strong that is, “through a program to stabilize emissions supporter of the development of an international of CO2 and other [GHGs] at 1990 levels by the 28 t [...] The plan was actions listed in the Toronto Conference statement insufficient to achieve the stabilization target and, in fact, it did not achieve the desired outcome, leading to inconsistency between the aims of 19 Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, The Changing the declaration and the domestic outcome. [...] It has been said that soon after the adoption that in 2002 Canada ratified the Kyoto Protocol, of the protocol, Chrétien, in an attempt to appease despite the US refusal to do so, was another element the anger of some of the provinces, suggested that of its climate policy that reflected “the ideational Canada would not ratify the protocol.54 And in 2002, importance of Canada’s support for environm [...] It is actually the development Gases and Air Pollution.78 The plan clearly echoed and implementation of the technology that over the government’s rhetoric at the international level time will make significant targets possible.”86 and the rejection of the Kyoto Protocol.