The objectives of studying research utilization in adult settings were to understand how nurses use research in their practices and what influences their ability to use or not use research, to study the determinants of research utilization behaviour within the clinical context of pain management in acute surgical units, and to study organizational influences on research use at unit and other level [...] The objectives of studying research utilization in infant and child settings were to study the determinants of research utilization behaviour within the clinical context of pain management in different paediatric settings, to compare organizational characteristics and behaviour in the different settings, as well as the impact of using research evidence in the different settings, and to refine meth [...] We found that characteristics of the local environment and the organizational context at the level of the nursing unit are central and important factors influencing research utilization by nurses. [...] Simultaneously, they reinforce the theoretical salience of the study of leadership, subcultures and the knowledge base for nursing practice in the context of research utilization. [...] The projects were funded by the Canadian Institute for Health Research (original funding from the National Health Research Development Program) and Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, and carried out by interdisciplinary teams of researchers from the Universities of Alberta and the University of Toronto.