Agricultural Bias in Focus /

The darker the shade of blue for the policy, the more direct the impact is on the agricultural bias, while the lighter shades are for policies that have less impact. [...] Other prices in the chain include the price that incorporates the cost of transportation to the export market or processor, the price paid on the wholesale market, the price at a terminal port if the commodity is to be exported, and the price paid by a contract holder on a futures exchange. [...] As noted previously, while indicators and methods exist to measure the degree of anti- agricultural bias, these indicators themselves do not pinpoint the causes of the problem.4 Indeed, a contributing factor toward a negative relative rate of assistance measurement could be the result of the presence of a detrimental policy or the absence—by design or oversight—of a basic policy that is a foundati [...] To diagnose the cause of a positive or negative agricultural bias requires answering the following questions: 1. Does the negative relative rate of assistance in agriculture mainly originate from policies tied to the agricultural sector or the non-agricultural sector? [...] The coloured bars indicate the relative contribution to the NRP by product, with bars to the right of the vertical axis indicating that the product has a positive NRP, while bars to the left indicate a negative NRP.