The objective of this study was to identify strategies that could enhance the competitiveness of Canada's Pacific marine container terminals relative to those in the United States. Canadian container terminals are competitive when they are able to sell their services in a competitive marketplace while earning a sufficient return on shareholders' invested capital. We used quantitative competitiveness indicators such as industry structure, service quality, environmental sustainability, innovation, prices, and profitability. Information was obtained from public reports, 105 telephone interviews, and 60 site visits.