Operating costs are the most straightforward and they are the metric that puts Saudi oil at the lowest end of the cost curve. [...] Again, the main reason is the great quality of the producing assets which makes the costs low on a per barrel basis. [...] One case where this was massively misunderstood was in the Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply Page 1 by Richard Norris December 2020 Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply early nuclear industry – where the upfront and operating costs seemed to be so small in terms of energy output that it was claimed that nuclear power would be “too cheap to meter”. [...] To pay for this, the government Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply Page 2 by Richard Norris December 2020 Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply increased borrowing and it also dipped into the reserves to the tune of US$13 billion. [...] Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply Page 3 by Richard Norris December 2020 Fortune Favours the Stable: The Future of Oil and Gas Supply In addition, across geographies, ESG headwinds affect the whole sector as the “keep it in the ground” movement gains traction.