Federalism : An Introduction

Table of Contents

• Table of Contents 6
• Preface 8
• Chapter One: An Overview of Federalism 10
• Federalism's importance 10
• Federalism's variety 11
• Federalism's common characteristics 12
• Federalism and devolved government 14
• Chapter Two: Choosing Federalism 16
• Origins of federations 16
• Historic waves of federalism 17
• Evolution of federations 20
• Suitability of federalism 21
• Chapter Three: The Constituent Units 23
• The political geometry of federations 23
• Types of constituent units 25
• The social diversity of constituent units 26
• Establishing and changing boundaries 28
• Chapter Four: Dividing Powers — Who Does What and How? 30
• Two models for assigning legal powers 30
• Legal sources of powers 32
• Varied federal distributions of powers 32
• Criteria for distributing powers 35
• Asymmetry in the distribution of powers 36
• Dealing with conflicts over powers 38
• Chapter Five: Money and Fiscal Powers 39
• The importance of money 39
• Assignment of revenue powers 40
• Spending shares between orders of government 43
• Central transfers to constituent units 44
• Fiscal inequality and redistribution 45
• The spending power 47
• Chapter Six: Institutions of the Central Government 51
• Importance and variety of central institutions 51
• Parliamentary, presidential and mixed regimes 52
• Upper houses and territorial representation 54
• Principles of representation 55
• Powers of upper houses 57
• Political parties 58
• Provisions regarding minorities 61
• Chapter Seven: The Legal Pillars of Federalism 64
• The constitutional basis of federalism 64
• Constitutional arbitration 65
• Emergency and special non-federal powers 66
• Constitutional amendment 68
• Rights in federal constitutions 70
• Role and character of the courts 71
• Chapter Eight: Intergovernmental Relations and Politics 73
• Interdependence and interaction 73
• Roles of executive and legislative branches 74
• Upper houses in intergovernmental relations 75
• Institutions and processes 76
• Coercive versus consultative federalism 78
• Chapter Nine: Unity and Diversity 79
• Challenge of unity 79
• Repressing diversity 80
• Embracing diversity 80
• A balanced approach to diversity 81
• Building out: devolution 82
• Building in: a representative and effective centre 83
• Unity post-conflict 86
• The question of secession 87
• Chapter Ten: Thinking About Federalism 89
• Federalism's strengths and limits 89
• Federalism's growing relevance 90
• Conditions for federal success 90
• Learning from comparative federalism 91
• Acknowledgements 92
• Further Readings 93
• Index 95
• A 95
• B 95
• C 95
• D 95
• E 96
• F 96
• G 96
• H 96
• I 96
• J 96
• L 96
• M 96
• N 96
• P 96
• R 97
• S 97
• T 97
• U 97
• V 97
• Y 97