For only on a basis of the historical facts can it be assessed how well or otherwise the aims of the founding fathers have been achieved, the extent to 2. NO SOFT OPTIONS which important factors affecting those aims have changed, the degree to which the evolution of the Organisation is meeting them and how fit the Organisation is to deal with the likely trends for the future. [...] Before discussing some of the events and circumstances which bore on the evolving machinery of NATO Government between the actual signing of the Treaty and the time when the dust had settled from the trauma of the French military with- drawal eighteen years later, it may be expedient to sketch first how the military and civil organisations began, grew and changed. [...] The imperatives of guiding the development and control of the Military side of the house led quite soon, as will be seen, to the re-activation of the Defence Committee, but the demise, as an institution, of the Finance Ministers' joint Alliance endeavours was permanent. [...] By adopting the report of the Three Wise Men, the Council gave a new dimension to their political span of control, with the result that today it covers practically every subject of common interest and has the prime object of developing a joint posture in the formative stages of the evolution of national policies. [...] In the improbable event that the doubters and the 'no-threat' men dispute this, it is necessary only to refer to the preamble to the Treaty which says: 'It is a treaty of alliance within the frame- work of the United Nations Charter for the defence of a way of life not only by military means but also.