2. Transportation Cost Literature Review 2.1 Index 2.2 Introduction

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 Cost Categories Vehicle Costs Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Travel Time Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Accidents Q D Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Parking Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Congestion Q D Q D Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q D. [...] Services Q D Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q D D Q Q Local Air Pollution Q D Q Q Q D Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q D Q Q Global Air Pollution D Q Q D Q Q D Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q D Q Q Noise &Vibration Q D Q Q Q D Q Q D Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q Q Q Q Resources/Energy D Q Q D Q Q D Q Q Q Q D D Q Q Q Q Q D Q Q D Q Barrier Ef. [...] This report attempted to “fully evaluate the economic and environmental costs of petroleum use, and the economic and environmental costs of other transportation fuels, including the costs and values of environmental externalities, and to establish a state transportation energy policy that results in the least environmental and economic cost to the state.” Includes congestion, accidents, infrastruc. [...] This study analyzes the full costs of road and rail travel in New Zealand, both passenger and freight, including internal costs (vehicle, travel time and internal accident risk), and external costs (road and rail infrastructure, accident externalities, environmental externalities and resource opportunity costs such as land value). [...] This three-year project investigates the full costs of transportation, including comprehensive financial and social costs (accidents, noise, congestion delays and environmental damages) associated with infrastructures, services, vehicles, and with the movement of people and goods.