That is, the rate used to discount the future (the social rate of time preference plus the elasticity of marginal utility of per capita consumption multiplied by the rate of change in consumption) is some 3% to 4% (it actually changes over time and is sensitive to the elasticity of the marginal utility of consumption). [...] What will it be in 2100? The forcing in the year 2100 depends on a variety of factors, including the value of F2×CO2 and the rate at which the radiative forcing of CO2 is considered to be increasing, and on how much anthropogenic CO2 will be emitted to the atmosphere in the next eight decades. [...] Upon multiplying the CO2 atmospheric volume by 44.0087 g CO2 and then dividing by 28.971 g/mole, which is the average molar mass of dry air, we get the percent of CO2 in the atmosphere by mass rather than volume.15 For example, if the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is 415 ppm, then we have the following mass of carbon in the atmosphere as a percent: 13 See Engineering Toolbox at . [...] Finally, Ht is the heat transfer from the atmosphere-upper-ocean layer to the deep-ocean layer during period t; it is proportional to the temperature difference between the atmosphere-upper ocean and the deep ocean, where proportionality refers to the ‘conductivity’ of the upper ocean. [...] Temperature Module in DICE In the DICE model, the temperature flux between the atmosphere and deep ocean depends on the gradient in the upper ocean (as shown in Figure 4) and thereby the depth of the upper ocean.
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