Title/Name of the area: SAA

The vents can have a wide spectrum of distribution, ranging from the deeper Beebe Hydrothermal Vent Field, laying in the Cayman Trough, a deep section of the Caribbean south of Cuba at ~5000 meters (Tarasov et al., 2005; Connelly et al., 2012) to the shallower in the D. [...] At many places of the Rainbow vents, unusual lithification of the sediment around the active field and near the top of the ridge, together with several places with dead mussels, may be related to diffuse low temperature of methane-rich fluid through the sediment. [...] The High-temperature vent occur along the shoulder of a W-facing hanging wall of the tilted ultramafic block, and are associated with one of the largest hydrothermal plumes in terms of methane output (Charlou et al., 1996a), manganese (Aballea et al., 1998), sulfide (Radford-Knoery et al., 1998), helium and heat (Jean-Baptiste et al., 1998), and particles (German et al., 1998). [...] The majority of the SAA EBSA organisms have a peculiarity of the development of different strategies which ensure their adaptation to the extreme environments present in the EBSA area, for example, the biological stabilization of metal (e.g., iron, copper) from hydrothermal vents under dissolved or colloidal organic complexes for long-range export in the water column (Wu et al., 2011; Hawkes et al. [...] The great part of study cruises which visited the EBSA area were focused in the deep-sea hydrothermal vent fields south of the Azores (Menez Gwen, Lucky strike, Rainbow and Saldanha), that were part of the MoMAR concept (“Monitoring the Mid-Atlantic Ridge”).