COPULA-BASED ESTIMATION OF HEALTH CONCENTRATION CURVES WITH AN APPLICATION TO

In Section 5, we run Monte Carlo simulations to assess the performances of the semiparametric and nonparametric estimators and compare them with the one of the classical empirical estimator of the concentration health. [...] 2 Copula-based health concentration curve The health concentration curve plots the cumulative percentage of the health variable against the cumulative percentage of the population, ranked by socio-economic covariates such as living standards, beginning with the poorest and ending with the richest. [...] For example, if Y is the income and H is the rate of COVID-19 mortality, CH(p) is the percentage of the cumulative rate of COVID-19 mortality rate of the 100p% of the poorest population. [...] The results reported in Figure 2 shows that the Bernstein copula-based estimator outperforms the empirical estimator as it is much closer to the 45-degree line in the case of independence - under which the true curve of CH(p) matches the 45-degree line - and it is much smoother for the other cases of dependence. [...] In this table, the share of Black Americans refers to the proportion of the population that identies as Black only, while the share White refers to the proportion of the population that identies as White.