Evaluating Active and Micro Mode Emission Reduction Potentials Todd Litman

More comprehensive analysis indicates that they play unique and important roles in an efficient and equitable transportation system, and can provide large and cost-effective reductions in vehicle travel and emissions. [...] This analysis indicates that cost-effective improvements and incentives could double or triple active mode travel, and an integrated program of active and public transport improvements, TDM incentives and Smart Growth policies can reduce emissions by 15-50%. [...] This suggests that an integrated program of active travel improvements (for example, funding levels comparable to active mode shares), implemented with public transit improvements, TDM incentive and Smart Growth policies could reduce per capita vehicle travel 15-30% if implemented at the local level, and 20-50% if implemented with state and federal strategies such as fuel price increases and vehic. [...] Some plans, such as those by the National Academy of Sciences and the International Energy Agency, imply that vehicle travel reductions are costly and difficult to achieve, and only provide small emission reductions, and so give minimal support to active mode investments. [...] Sustainable development organizations such as the World Resources Institute and the United Nations Environmental Programme, give more priority to vehicle travel reductions, and consider a wider range of impacts, and so give significant support for active mode investments.