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Five variables were selected to test the effect of the program on substantive legal outcomes, and four additional variables were selected to measure the effect of the program on the efficiency of the Court. [...] The lawyers then provided full representation to the tenants randomly assigned to the treated group and advice, combined with assistance in the preparation of pleadings and motions, to the tenants randomly assigned to the control group.28 On the key question of whether tenants retained possession of the premises, two-thirds of the treated group did as compared to one-third of the control group.29. [...] 49 Others questioned the applicability of findings involving the impact of law-student assistance to the larger question of the impact of lawyers.50 A pair of studies in the Immigration area, drawn from a review of government records, reveals a dramatic difference in outcomes for represented and unrepresented claimants. [...] 13 Please do not circulate or quote without permission the system (both in the legal sense and in the people sense).”67 Monsma and Lempert, in their study of public housing hearings in Hawaii, suggest that the increase in the success rate over time for represented litigants was due in part to the growing expertise of the representatives.68 Where the representation is provided by lay advocates, inc. [...] The greater the level of power imbalance between the parties, and the greater the barriers facing the unrepresented litigant, the greater the level of intervention that will be needed to provide meaningful assistance.