The first Western universities, in the Middle Ages, expanded the oral tradition of knowledge sharing while multiplying the use of the manuscript, thus creating real communities of teachers and students; the arrival of printing allowed the multiplication of universities where both oral and written knowledge would continue to play a determining role in the creation and the transmission of knowledge. [...] On the other hand, the great thinkers of the means of Enlightenment all quickly became authors who contributed greatly to the communication and democratization of knowledge and, by the same token, to the emergence of dissemination such as public opinion10 and to the emergence of the French Revolution11. [...] The printing press was an instrument at the heart of the industrial revolutions/The digital revolution represents a fourth Industrial Revolution and is at the heart of the ecological revolution, thanks to the traceability and transparency that digital technology allows, at the heart of the necessary health revolution thanks to its contribution to prevention and at the heart of the educational revo. [...] Saykili44 summarized very well several of these works and publications aimed at understanding how the digital revolution will change society, the economy and the world of education and identified the new skills that will be required of the learner, the teacher and the impact on the learning environment. [...] Table A 30 Three Worlds and Three Universities The paradigms historical Until 1456 1456 – 2010 2010 - The attributes The world of the oral and The world of the printed book The world of digital and data of the university the manuscript • Under the protection of • Guardian of academic • At the centre of the Church and the kings freedom ecological, health, • Guardian of the divine • Arts, science, h.
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