Preventing chemical risks of pesticide use among Québec apple growers: status report and

The protection factors measured are comparable to those applied by the PMRA in its risk assessments, but the reliability of the comparisons is undermined by the small amount of data available, the substantial methodological and experimental variability of the studies and various difficulties or shortcomings that make it impossible to be certain that the anticipated protective efficacy of the PPE i. [...] In addition to the number of epidemiological studies available, the size of the study population, the selection of the control group (group used for comparison) and the adjustments made for confounding factors (risk factors of the disease studied) can alter the strength of the association. [...] In addition, the commercial formulation, the size of the area sprayed, the duration and number of applications, the method of application, the weather, and worker behaviour can all have an impact on the level of exposure (40-45). [...] Using gel formulations instead of powder in such bags reduces the possibility of leaks and of contamination of the environment in addition to reducing the direct risk of inhalation and the risk of indirect skin exposure. [...] Draw a portrait of work contexts and practices in Québec’s apple-growing industry Based on interviews, observations and a questionnaire survey, this portrait made it possible to get a clearer picture of the reality of the apple-growing industry and a better assessment of the pesticide-related risks in the industry and the protective measures actually used.