UNDER LAYERED

The community of scholars at the Institute of Islamic Studies at the University of Toronto were regular and insightful commentators, who read an earlier draft of the report and remained in constant conversation about the subject. [...] racial minority communities The recommendations emphasize the need for the Government of Canada to formally 80% of all terrorist financing risk with identifiably Muslim organizations investigate patterns of bias within the machinery of its agencies and bureaucracies, and create mechanisms of accountability. [...] At the time of writing, none of the audit files requested pursuant to the ATIP query have been received, further precluding our analysis of Charities Directorate documents that may have been prepared prior to and in the course of the audit.9 The small number of organizations willing to participate, and the lack of substantive material from the CRA via the ATIP process necessarily limit the scope a. [...] The TF threat of these groups was assessed against six rating criteria: the extent of the actors’ knowledge, skills and expertise to conduct terrorist financing; the extent of the actors’ network, resources and overall capability to perform TF operations; the scope and global reach of their TF operations; the estimated value of their fundraising activities annually in Canada; the extent of the div. [...] Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182, Terrorist Financing, 14–15; Nikos Passas, “Understanding Terrorism Financing,” in Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182, Terrorism Financing, Charities, and Aviation Security, Commission of Inquiry into the Investigation of the Bombing of Air India Flight 182 Research.