The Mirage of Swedish Socialism: The Economic History of a Welfare State

Despite common misperceptions, middle-class workers in Sweden—a country often celebrated by social democrats in Canada—pay relatively high taxes for Sweden’s large government. Sweden has a larger government than Canada. Specifically, in 2022 government spending in Sweden (as a share of the economy) was 46.8 per cent compared to 41.5 per cent in Canada. But while Sweden’s top personal income tax rate (52.3 per cent) is comparable to Canada’s top rate (53.5 per cent), Sweden’s top tax rate applies to income starting at roughly US$62,000 compared to US$177,000 in Canada. In other words, the top personal income tax rate in Sweden applies to many average Swedish workers and families. Moreover, Sweden’s national sales tax rate (25 per cent) dwarfs the combined federal GST and provincial sales tax rates in Canada, which range from 5 per cent in Alberta to 15 per cent in the four Atlantic provinces. Finally, according to polling data released in 2023, Canadians overwhelmingly reject higher personal income taxes and a higher GST to finance more government spending.