IGF Case Study: Environmental and Social Impact Assessments in Mining Legal Frameworks

This publication contrasts legal frameworks for environmental and social impact assessments at varying stages of development in three mineral-rich jurisdictions.This report first presents the main components of a legal framework for environmental and social impact assessments (ESIAs) in mining and then examines the following three jurisdictions.California, United States, has a well-developed ESIA framework and is adapting to the latest challenges, which include the concerns of Indigenous communities and issues of climate change in a litigious jurisdiction.