Research Group on Human Capital Working Paper Series

The structure of the survey is very similar to the PIRLS; in particular the parental questionnaire introduced in 2011 is the same. [...] Table B describes extensively the duration of preschool enrollment, reported by one of the parents (most of the time the mother) for the PIRLS (2006, 2011, 2016), and the TIMSS (2015, 2019) surveys. [...] As for WLS-DR, only one of the two estimations (treatment status, and outcomes) must be correctly specified for the IPTW- 13 In Haeck, Lefebvre, and Merrigan (2015) the estimates of the impact of Québec’s low-fee policy are based on hours in formal subsidized childcare for a series of young children cohorts and number of weeks worked by the mothers who mostly use subsidized formal childcare. [...] A simple counterfactual is the Average Treatment Effect of the Treated (ATET), the average of the individual treatment effects of those treated (hence a subsample of the control group). [...] Among the many ATETs possible, our attention will be focused on: (1) the effects on children’s scores of parents choosing the middle instead of the lower level of preschool attendance for children whose parents chose the middle (TML|M) or the lower (TML|L) level; (2) the effects of choosing the higher instead of the lower level of preschool attendance for children whose parents chose the higher (T.