Measuring income mobility in Canada, 2016 /

The income thresholds for the quintiles were determined by the income of all individuals in the broader LAD group, not the income of just the individ- uals in our sample. [...] The other income groups also experienced upward income mobility from 1993 to 1998: 59% of the second income group, 41% of the third income group, and 28% of the fourth income group moved to higher income groups in that time. [...] Sixteen percent of the top income group, 18% of the fourth income group, 16% of the third income group, and 10% of the second income group moved to a lower income group during the five-year period. [...] Put differently, over fraserinstitute.org Income group in 1993 Measuring Income Mobility in Canada, 2016 • 19 Figure 5: Where the bottom 20% in 1993 were five years later in 1998 6% moved to the top 20% 17% moved to the fourth group 26% moved to the third group 31% moved to the second group 21% stayed in the bottom 20% Notes: [1] Income is measured by wages and salaries. [...] However, of the 88% that moved up, 24% ended up in the second income group, 26% ended up in the third income group, 23% ended up in the fourth income group, and 15% were in the top 20% after only 10 years.