Carbon

Carbon (from Latin: carbo "coal") is a chemical element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. It is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds. It belongs to group 14 of the periodic table. Carbon makes up only about 0.025 percent of Earth's crust. Three isotopes occur naturally, 12C and 13C being stable, while 14C is a radionuclide, decaying with a half-life of about 5,730 years. Carbon is one of the few elements known since antiquity.Carbon is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, and the fourth most abundant element in the universe …

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Publications

IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 30 October 2024 English

This publication describes the protocols used in the IISD Experimental Lakes Area (IISD-ELA) Analytical Service Laboratory for the measurement of chemical constituents in freshwater samples.

Mn, and Fe), carbon speciation (dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, absorbance scan scan to assess dissolved organic carbon quality, and particulate carbon), chlorophyll-a, conductivity, ...................80 11.0 Dissolved Inorganic Carbon .............................................. .....91 12.0 Dissolved Organic Carbon – Non-Purgative Organic Carbon (NPOC) ........................ inorganic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, absorbance scans to assess dissolved organic carbon characteristics


Fraser Institute · 29 October 2024 English

This essay examines the implications of decarbonizing Canada’s electricity grid by replacing existing fossil fuel-based generation with clean energy sources. In 2023, clean energy sources—including hydro, nuclear, and wind—produced 497.6 …

set an ambitious national target to achieve 100% carbon-free electricity by 2035. This goal presents Canada an ambitious nat- ional target to achieve 100% carbon-free electric- ity by 2035—just over a decade from than one percent, respectively. Overall, clean (carbon- free) energy sources generated 497.6 TWh of electricity & Labrador— overwhelmingly produce and rely on carbon- free electricity. In fact, “approximately four electricity generation came from nuclear power— another carbon-free energy source. To do so, we can consider


Fraser Institute · 29 October 2024 English

This essay examines the implications of decarbonizing Canada’s electricity grid by replacing existing fossil fuel-based generation with clean energy sources. In 2023, clean energy sources—including hydro, nuclear, and wind—produced 497.6 …

plan to make all electricity generation in Canada carbon-free by 2035 is impractical and highly unlikely frankly, unrealistic target of achieving complete carbon-free electricity in ten years,” said Jock Finlayson 81 per cent of Canada’s electricity came from carbon-free energy sources, including hydro, nuclear,


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

In this integrated cost-benefit analysis, the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre analyzes the potential of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to combat water scarcity and enhance sustainable agriculture in Kenya.

from agroforestry and livestock, job creation, and carbon sequestration. The most significant benefits come


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

This policy brief argues that Canada's proposed oil and gas emissions cap is needed but cautions that some of the proposed compliance flexibilities may—instead of making the cap easier to …

additional cost to facilities, to emit tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) GHGs up to the level common for the oil patch in Canada to point to carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS) as the key to System (OBPS) are high enough, that the effective carbon price is insignificant; it is more profitable to in avoiding the carbon price through emissions reductions. That is to say, the carbon price alone is of a much more stringent oil-and-gas-specific carbon price—with price levels set high just for oil and


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

This brief debunks the popular myth that Canada should get credit toward its nationally determined contribution for its export of clean energy, specifically liquefied natural gas (LNG), under the Paris …

emissions, like Switzerland’s investment in low-carbon rice cultivation in Ghana, as well as payment since coal-fired electricity generation (minus a carbon price) tends to be much cheaper than gas-fired customers to use abated gas—that is, equipped with carbon capture and storage—would require even more significant Blaine Higgs pitches exporting LNG as alternative to carbon tax. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada ca/news/canada/new-brunswick/higgs-testifies-parliament-carbon-tax- shale-gas-1.7158861 First Nations LNG Alliance


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

In this integrated cost-benefit analysis, the Nature-Based Infrastructure Global Resource Centre analyzes the potential of nature-based infrastructure (NBI) to enhance agricultural productivity and hazard protection in Eswatini.

revenue streams from agroforestry, job creation, and carbon sequestration. Share this page: Participating experts


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 24 October 2024 English

This policy report addresses the critical issue of soil acidity in the East African Community (EAC) and provides actionable recommendations for EAC partner states, the EAC Secretariat, and other relevant …

can contribute to sustainable land management, carbon sequestration, and building resilience in agricultural Bationo, A., & Fening, J. O. (2018). Soil organic carbon and proper fertilizer recommendation. In A. Bationo


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 24 October 2024 English

If fully exploited, oil and gas reserves set to be licensed for exploration in the next six months would emit 15 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent.

Publications NEWSLETTER October 2024 | Carbon Minefields Oil and Gas Exploration Monitor If fully exploited total embodied emissions—that is, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere if the meet Paris-aligned energy demand. Accordingly, the Carbon Minefields newsletter monitors efforts to expand exploration licences have been awarded with a total carbon emission potential of 2,142.8 MtCO2 when burned with climate change concerns. Note: The embodied carbon emissions from newly awarded licenses are presented


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 21 October 2024 English

While IISD's reputation as a convenor, a trusted thought leader, and a go-to source on key issues within the sustainable development field is stronger than ever, the work happening outside …

climate resilience, community livelihoods, and carbon absorption. More than 3,000 policy-makers, city IISD is convening global conversations on border carbon adjustments among stakeholders and governments climate ambition and help build an inclusive low-carbon global economy. Mobilizing greater financial phosphorous, nitrogen, and carbon to one side and nitrogen and carbon to the other. Within the first over the years, contributing to our knowledge of carbon fluxes and lake productivity, as well as the


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