Externalities

In economics, an externality is a cost or benefit that is imposed on a third party who did not agree to incur that cost or benefit. The concept of externality was first developed by economist Arthur Pigou in the 1920s. Air pollution from motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport. The prototypical example of a negative externality is environmental pollution. Pigou argued that a tax (later called a "Pigouvian tax") on negative externalities could …

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Publications

IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 1 April 2024 English

This report presents the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) of a proposed transport and building infrastructure development on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to promote close and mutually beneficial trade …

in comparing costs and benefits, including externalities, which are selected according to the characteristics SAVi models already considers the costs of externalities, which are important based on the proposed direct costs and benefits but also the cost of externalities and risks (e.g., air pollution, noise pollution (small-scale capacity) • Building costs • Cost of externalities (e.g., GHG emissions) Source: Authors. The SAVi shown in Table 8, which compares benefits, externalities, and costs for BAU versus a sustainable building


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 1 April 2024 English

This report presents the Sustainable Asset Valuation (SAVi) of a proposed transport and building infrastructure development on the border of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to promote close and mutually beneficial trade …

governments and investors value the risks and externalities that affect the performance of infrastructure environmental, social, and economic risks and externalities of infrastructure projects. These variables environmental, social, and economic risks and externalities that impact the financial performance of infrastructure


Fraser Institute · 28 March 2024 English

With the federal carbon tax set to rise from $65 to $80 per tonne on April 1, two new essays—published today by the Fraser Institute—make two opposing arguments, to retain …

than a mechanism to internalize the negative externalities of emissions in a cost-effective manner. (Yunis


CIGI: Centre for International Governance Innovation · 20 March 2024 English

Headquartered understanding of the socio-economic and technological in Waterloo, Canada, CIGI has received support impacts of digitalization and improve the quality and from the Government of Canada, the Government relevance …

potential solution to capture more positive externalities associated with green technologies involves primarily due to positive externalities (Tur-Sinai 2018). Positive externalities occur when a portion of solution to address the above-noted positive externalities involves the implementation of a patent prize demand, allowing them to internalize positive externalities in ways that patents cannot (Tur-Sinai 2018) value of technologies with substantial positive externalities, while a prize established by the government


Fraser Institute · 14 March 2024 English

Governments are implementing measures to electrify transportation. In Canada, federal policy mandates that by 2035 all new passenger vehicles and light trucks sold have net zero emissions, ultimately leading to …

Internationally, they include the costs of externalities related to pollution from mining and manufacturing


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 12 March 2024 English

This report outlines the importance of monitoring progress in green public procurement (GPP) and highlights various methodologies, challenges, and recommendations to improve monitoring practices. The report focuses specifically on monitoring …

government computes the savings from environmental externalities by applying monetization factors to the environmental


Environmental Defence · 11 March 2024 English

OF GOvErnmEnT” 9 The emissions reductions from changing the All of these policy interventions can be built environment of our towns and cities is achieved with the program design of …

53 to their own residents and not spillover externalities that affect other regions (like pollution),


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 6 March 2024 English

This briefing paper analyzes the importance of integrating externalities into financial analysis to improve decision making for infrastructure transport projects.Transport is a crucial part of modern society

Financing Transport Projects Why integrating externalities matters for decision making IISD.org ii Financing Financing Transport Projects: Why integrating externalities matters for decision making © 2024 International Financing Transport Projects: Why integrating externalities matters for decision making January 2024 Financing Transport Projects: Why integrating externalities matters for decision making Table of Contents ............14 Table A4. Economic analysis—externalities (discounted values) .......................


ITK: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami · 5 March 2024 English

Next Steps and Opportunities for Collaboration: The Inuit Nunangat Poverty Reduction Strategy and Implementation Plan After completion of the Cost of Living Project- Phase II, and the National Inuit Poverty …

Meeting SDG 12 will mean reducing the negative externalities of the global economy on Inuit Nunangat. The


Childcare Resource and Research Unit · 2 March 2024 English

For the first time, the assessment goes beyond the laws on the books—de jure—to examine the frameworks supporting implementation of the law and to gauge experts’ opinions on the outcome …

and Jorge E. Portillo. 2003. “Legal Reform, Externalities and Economic Development: Measuring the Impact


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