Petroleum

Petroleum, also known as crude oil and oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is commonly refined into various types of fuels. Components of petroleum are separated using a technique called fractional distillation, i.e. separation of a liquid mixture into fractions differing in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating column. It consists of naturally occurring hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and may contain miscellaneous organic compounds. The name petroleum covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil. …

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Publications

IHRP: International Human Rights Program, University of Toronto · 10 April 2024 English

The granting of such a permit primarily depends on ZKHWKHU WKH FRPSDQ\¶V proposed activities align with the purpose of the community forest, the goals of the Forest Management Plan and …

Energy Botswana (Pty) Ltd., ReconAfrica holds petroleum exploration licenses for more than eight million gas companies operating in Namibia enter into a Petroleum $JUHHPHQW ZLWK WKH 6WDWH DQG REWDLQ D 3HWUROHXP ([SORUDWLRQ /LFHQVH ³PEL´29 According to the Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act, the Minister legislation that make up the framework within which petroleum exploitation must take place 32 include the Environmental https://www.nacso.org.na/community-forests>. 29 Petroleum (Exploration and Production) Act, 2 of 1991, Article


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 9 April 2024 English

Blackouts and Backsliding presents the latest energy subsidy data for South Africa. South Africa's fossil fuel subsidies tripled between FY 2018 and FY 2023, from ZAR 39 billion (USD 2.9 …

3,025 5,846 8,767 7,943 8,817 9,786 3 Petroleum Agency South Africa: Subsidies on products (since 2006) (Bridle et al., 2022; OECD, 2023b). Petroleum Agency South Africa: Subsidies on products and training on projects (3 & 5) In the past, the Petroleum, Oil and Gas Corporation of South Africa (PetroSA) International Development, & Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries. (2014). Transitional policies


IRPP: Institut de recherche en politiques publiques · 5 April 2024 English

52 The New Mobility Era: Leveraging Digital Technologies for More Equitable, Efficient and Effective Public Transportation Ata Khan and Ren Thomas IN BRIEF Digital technologies have the potential to enhance …

advanced methods. The former entails replacing petroleum-fuel-based engines with electric traction to obtain


UAP: University of Alberta Press · 2 April 2024 English

Indigenous Legalities, Pipeline Viscosities examines the relationship between the Wet’suwet’en and hydrocarbon pipeline development, showing how colonial governments and corporations seek to control Indigenous claims and how the Wet'suwet'en resist. …

conservative estimate. The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers (caPP) had projected that oil production important alternative to the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (oPec).”45 Because of the “inflicting economic and financial losses not only on petroleum companies and their shareholders, but also on


AIC: Agricultural Institute of Canada · 31 March 2024 English

The success of the Quebec pilot, combined with the identified need across the agriculture sector for more training opportunities for women led to the expansion of the program Canada-wide and …

substitution of solid biomass with bottled liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). This approach, however, can be seen


CAPP: Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers · 27 March 2024

Electricity 13% • Conventional oil and natural gas 8% upstream emissions are about Conventional 40% of the total oil and gas Agriculture Bitumen emissions and 11% of Canada’s Total 11%10% …

organizations include: ● Pathways Alliance ● Petroleum Technology Alliance Canada (PTAC) ● Clean Resource geological formations. In the US, Occidental Petroleum is building the world’s largest DAC facility in Oil Sands Innovation Alliance, IEA, Occidental Petroleum Corporation 34 Emissions Testing Center (ETC)


Centre for Energy · 22 March 2024

Canadian industries are also leading producers and Textile, clothing, and leather industry 2020 Transport equipment industry 2021 exporters of products such as chemicals, forestry and pulp, automobiles, aluminum, gold, and …

chemical industry’s * Includes coke oven gas, petroleum coke, and coke from catalytic cracking catalysts


Fraser Institute · 22 March 2024 English

This essay quantifies the important role natural resources play in British Columbia’s economy. It looks at their impact on both Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment. In addition, it examines …

these manufacturers include food, wood, paper, petroleum refining, chemicals, non-metallic minerals, and utilities, primary metals, pipeline transport, and petroleum refining—all at least doubling in size since 1999 0.7% • wood $2,065 0.7% • paper $1,200 0.4% • petroleum $1,078 0.4% • chemicals $817 0.3% • non-metallic of: • food 28,069 • wood 22,410 • paper 5,639 • petroleum 599 • chemicals 7,590 • non-metallic minerals


AMC: Mining Association of Canada · 20 March 2024 English

measures include to: • Reclassify the costs incurred during the construction • Expedite the tabling and passage of legislation and production of Canadian mines primarily focused to create the Clean …

iron ore, silver, gold, steel-making coal and petroleum products, are 2. Efficient permitting for new


CPRC: University of Regina Press · 19 March 2024 English

An exposé of the reality of Saskatchewan’s potash industry management—prioritizing private profit over public interest A single province in Canada—Saskatchewan—is blessed with a remarkable birthright: 50% of the world’s potash …

second-largest mining company in the world, sold its petroleum business for us$2.8 billion3 and said the capital financial officer said: “We’re replacing our petroleum business with potash.”4 He went on to say that lion of ebitda per year. For comparison, our petroleum business averaged around us$3 billion per annum of Saudi Arabia through the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (opec) on the global oil market


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