Taxation

A tax is a compulsory financial charge or some other type of levy imposed on a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a governmental organization in order to fund government spending and various public expenditures. A failure to pay, along with evasion of or resistance to taxation, is punishable by law. Taxes consist of direct or indirect taxes and may be paid in money or as its labour equivalent. The first known taxation took place in Ancient Egypt around 3000–2800 BC. Most countries have a tax system in place to pay for public, common, or agreed national needs and …

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Publications

IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 16 July 2024 English

This policy brief explores the implications of the 15% global minimum tax on special economic zones, offering comprehensive guidance for governments to reform tax incentives and ensure these zones attract …

service, and burdensome customs clearance and taxation systems. The MFEZ in Zambia offer a range of infrastructure for seven Sub-Saharan African countries. OECD Taxation Working Papers, 58. CIIP. (2017). Special Economic Zones Facing the Challenges of International Taxation: BEPS Action 5, EU Code of Conduct, and the Future OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/taxation/countering-harmful-tax-practices- more-effect


Fraser Institute · 16 July 2024 English

Poor government policy has led to a significant deterioration in Canada’s federal finances over the last decade. The introduction of new and expanded government programs has caused federal spending to …

with the publication of a major White Paper on taxation (Canada, Department of Finance, 1987), and most policy issues including government spending, debt, taxation, labour policy, and charitable giving. Grady research focuses on government spending, debt, and taxation. Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to the


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 16 July 2024 English

A group of 90 World Trade Organization (WTO) members are negotiating a new global agreement on e-commerce rules at the WTO. After close to 7 years of discussions, they are …

60 Security exception 61 Prudential measures 62 Taxation 63 Dispute settlement 64 Committee on trade-related


Fraser Institute · 28 June 2024 English

Provincial Sales Tax with a Harmonized Sales Tax or made-in-BC Value Added Tax would reduce the taxation of business inputs, especially taxes on machinery and equipment. Based on econometric estimates

or made-in-BC Value Added Tax would reduce the taxation of business inputs, especially taxes on machinery study, we again make the case for reforming sales taxation in British Columbia by adopting an HST or a made-in-BC Services Tax (GST), which is a form of value-added taxation (VAT). The Harmonized Sales Tax (HST) rate in Other revenues 14.0% Natural resources 3.9% Taxation 59.9% Corporate income 13.2$ Sales 22.4% Fuel tax, such as the HST, which largely avoids the taxation of business inputs. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 BC


Fraser Institute · 25 June 2024 English

Affordable housing in cities is a major public-policy issue in Canada. Zoning and related restrictions on increased construction of multi-family housing in urban centres have been identified by the federal …

Palacios has studied public policy in- volving taxation, government finances, in- vestment, productivity


Fraser Institute · 20 June 2024 English

Despite projected surpluses from 2024/25–2026/27, Alberta is at risk of returning to a budget deficit, due to high spending, when relatively high resource revenue declines. Premier Danielle Smith has recognized …

Palacios has studied public policy involving taxation, government finances, investment, productivity


MQUP: McGill-Queen's University Press · 18 June 2024 English

Throughout the twentieth century in the lands of Yugoslavia, socialists embarked on multiple projects of supranational unification. Sensitive to the vulnerability of small nations in a world of great powers, …

the zadruga. New property laws and systems of taxation based on European norms of private property fragmented


Fraser Institute · 13 June 2024 English

start working for themselves if governments were obliged to cover current expenditures with current taxation. In 2024, the Balanced Budget Tax Freedom Day arrives on June 23.

obliged to cover current expenditures with current taxation. In 2024, the Balanced Budget Tax Freedom Day pay these taxes directly, the cost of business taxation is ultimately passed onto ordinary Canadians Deficits should therefore be considered as deferred taxation. For this reason, we calculate a Balanced Budget obliged to cover current expenditures with current taxation. Table 4: Difference in the Average Family’s Tax


Fraser Institute · 13 June 2024 English

start working for themselves if governments were obliged to cover current expenditures with current taxation. In 2024, the Balanced Budget Tax Freedom Day arrives on June 23.


Fraser Institute · 13 June 2024 English

start working for themselves if governments were obliged to cover current expenditures with current taxation. In 2024, the Balanced Budget Tax Freedom Day arrives on June 23.


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