Coal

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of other elements; chiefly hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. Coal is formed when dead plant matter decays into peat and is converted into coal by the heat and pressure of deep burial over millions of years. Vast deposits of coal originate in former wetlands—called coal forests—that covered much of the Earth's tropical land areas during the late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) and Permian times. However, many significant coal deposits are younger than this and originate from the Mesozoic and …

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Publications

IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 14 November 2024 English

This study aims to highlight the key supply chain barriers in localizing electric vehicle (EV) battery cell manufacturing in India. It summarizes consultations with 12 companies working on battery cell …

in India manufacturing synthetic graphite using coal tar-based feedstock to produce precursor anode expertise in manufacturing synthetic graphite from coal tar-based feedstock and exporting precursor anode


MQUP: McGill-Queen's University Press · 12 November 2024 English

The COVID-19 virus was responsible for the deaths of over thirty-five thousand Canadians in its first two years alone. Described as the biggest public health crisis of the century, it …

equally to the unvaccinated, the chain smoker, the coal miner, and the skydiver.4 Institutions were ill


DDN: Dundurn Press · 29 October 2024 English

“Honest and insightful, a testament to Japanese Canadian resilience.” — KERRI SAKAMOTO, author of Floating CityWhen the North American dream meets traditional Japanese conformity, two cultures collide. Does the past …

supplies had to pass inspection at the gate and coal for cooking had to be diverted from the furnace


Fraser Institute · 29 October 2024 English

This essay examines the implications of decarbonizing Canada’s electricity grid by replacing existing fossil fuel-based generation with clean energy sources. In 2023, clean energy sources—including hydro, nuclear, and wind—produced 497.6 …

energy accounting for 9.4% and 8.7%, respectively. Coal and oil together account for 8.4% of Canada’s capacity Solar Wind Nuclear Hydro/tidal/wave Natural gas Oil Coal and coke Total 2 3 14 13 81 24 4 8.5 149.5 1.3 2 Data on electricity pro- duction from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, fuel oil, and diesel), referred to Information Administration (EIA), in 2023, fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, petroleum, and other gases) generated specifically, natural gas accounted for 43.1%, coal for 16.2%, nuclear for 18.6%, wind for 10.2%, and


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

This policy brief argues that Canada's proposed oil and gas emissions cap is needed but cautions that some of the proposed compliance flexibilities may—instead of making the cap easier to …

exports on the grounds that those exports replace coal-fired energy and thus reduce emissions in the countries facilities that burn our gas would have burned coal if not for Canadian exports? Maybe they would have facility has always been designed to burn gas, never coal. Second, ourIISD.org 9 Capping Potential Blowouts: gas. Some estimate that it is actually worse than coal, depending on the vessels used to transport it minimum, we know it is no panacea compared to the coal it is supposedly replacing. Third, without strict


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 28 October 2024 English

This brief debunks the popular myth that Canada should get credit toward its nationally determined contribution for its export of clean energy, specifically liquefied natural gas (LNG), under the Paris …

the buyers of that gas would otherwise be using coal, which is much worse for the climate. They suggest would have burned coal if not for Canadian LNG exports? Even if they did switch from coal to gas, if not gas-fired generators that were never designed to burn coal. Additionality is a central requirement for Article argue. Some estimates of the advantages of LNG over coal rely on data from firms that are far better than gas. Some estimate that it is actually worse than coal if older transport vessels are used (Howarth, 2024)


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 16 October 2024 English

maintaining a robust mining sector, supplying the world with critical minerals, and reducing emissions from coal mining and use.

digital revolutions, and reducing emissions from coal mining and use while committing to substantial significant but differentiated exposure to coal mining and coal consumption; and (iv) they all hold major caused by the Chilean mining sector is coal mining and coal handling. This includes active open- pit 5% of the GHG emissions from copper mining. As coal mining has been decreasing in Chile for a few years (Government of Chile, FIGURE 3. GHG emissions from the coal mining and handling sector in Chile between 1990


DDN: Dundurn Press · 15 October 2024 English

In Heaping Coals, he writes of his life leading up to entering the seminary, being ordained, and his early successes as a journalist, encountering Oscar-winning writers and celebrities. His shift to more progressive Christianity and politics embodies Romans 12:20 — heaping coals onto the heads of one’s enemies — and charts the returning of good for evil through a process of self-reflection

designer: Laura Boyle Cover image: James Stikeman Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Title: Heaping coals


MQUP: McGill-Queen's University Press · 1 October 2024 English

Oil workers are often typecast as rough: embodying the toxic masculinity, racism, consumerist excess, and wilful ignorance of the extractive industries and petrostates they work for. But their poetry troubles …

constructed, in the example of coal mining in England, as either “coal-bearing” or “heather-bearing”36


IISD: International Institute for Sustainable Development · 30 September 2024 English

G20 governments provided at least USD 168 billion in public financial support for renewable power in 2023, less than one third of G20 fossil fuel subsidies that year. Advanced G20 …

through Just Energy Transition Partnerships to help coal- dependent EMDEs transition away from fossil fuel Transition Partnerships: An opportunity to leapfrog from coal to clean energy. International Institute for Sustainable


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